Cultural Imperialism Culture, Power, And Representation

The term cultural imperialism has often been used when describing certain aspects of the media industry. Cultural imperialism can be seen as the imbalance of culture, power and representation, favouring the socially dominant and influential. The cultural hegemony of these powerful industrialised or economically influential countries is thought to be able to both determine general cultural values and homogenise different societies globally. Although not restricted to media, cultural imperialism is in theory aided by the media’s ability to express culture. Many would argue, however, that this term in many ways no longer applies to contemporary media culture. Although media power structures from the past still have a certain amount of influence, recent trends suggest that relationships between different global media producers and consumers is more complex than what is implied by the term cultural imperialism. Media does not simply flow in a single direction in the present-day, bu t is often a complex ocean of inter-related currents and counter-currents. Thus, while the balance between cultures is not entirely equal, the term cultural imperialism is not an entirely adequate word to describe today’s media cultures. Historically, global media flows have moved in a singular direction from the developed west to other less developed nations. This unidirectional and unbalanced flow of media could be seen as a form of cultural imperialism. The use of organisations like Reuters, whichShow MoreRelatedEssay On Cultural Imperialism1526 Words   |  7 PagesThe primary objective of this chapter is to explore the cries of cultural imperialism, how this operates through the comics as those of The Phantom by Lee Falk, Flash Gordon by Alex Raymond and Tintin by Herge and how they have discovered more prominent support from overseas readers, both as daily paper/magazine comics series and also in the form of comic books. In no place has these comics been appreciated more enthusiastically than in Australia, India and Sweden and the other earstwhile colonisedRead MoreThe Media And Its Effects On The Global World1550 Words   |  7 Pagestransferred from a dominating power onto other cultures with lesser global influence. The Disney media conglomerate yields an unprecedented amount of control over the means of media consumption on a global scale. As Souad Belkyr proposes in â€Å"Disney animation: Global diffusion and local appropriation of culture,† â€Å"Disney products function as an apparatus that potentially prescribe consumerist ideologies and individualistic ethics beneficial to the US as a group in power over dominated and less powerfulRead MoreRelationship between Postmodernism and Post colonialism1048 Words   |  5 PagesPostmodernism has been described as a new version of Western cultural imperialism. Discuss the relationship between postmodernism and postcolonialism. Postmodern theory been applauded as liberating, even democratising, in its rejection of absolutism and in its refusal to accept the dictates of hierarchy and certainty. It calls for the abandonment of the modernist qualities of objective truth, centralized knowledge, totalising explanations and determinacy . Rather, postmodern theory advocatesRead MoreCultural Imperialism : Western And Chinese Society1845 Words   |  8 Pagesâ€Å"It is through cultural imperialism that Western nations are able to dominate the media †¦ allowing Western views to destroy their native cultures.† (Schiller, H. 1973) Western cultures are notorious for their domination over other cultures, exerting this power through the media. The front cover of India’s Elle magazine (March 2013) and McDonald’s 2012 Manly Man Beef advertisement in Beijing, are both texts that display the prominent influences of cultural imperialism in practice. This essay seeksRead MoreThe Persistence of Imperi alism Essay1315 Words   |  6 PagesThe Persistence of Imperialism Following World War II, the concrete nature of imperialism, or the subjection of people or groups based on a social, economical, or racial hierarchy, was seemingly in decline. For instance, India and Pakistan had both gained their independence from Britain in 1947 (p.761), and the French, though unwillingly, gave up their colonies in Vietnam (p.754), but with the development of the Cold War there became a need to ideologically separate the free â€Å"First World†, whichRead MoreThe Representation of Colonized People in Rudyard Kipling’s Poem â€Å"the White Man’s Burden†: an Unrealistic Representation3227 Words   |  13 Pagescolonialism and imperialism like the power of the British Empire over many colonized countries in the world. Thus, this imperial power had intensively engaged writers’ attention. Among those major writers is Rudyard Kipling. He is a British novelist and poet who was born in British India in 1865 and died in 1963. Though h e lived over thirteen years there, the reader finds that his works espouse the imperial ideology and he came to be recognized as a prophet of the British imperialism(Orwell 116)Read MoreRepresentation of the Other in Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre Essay4463 Words   |  18 PagesRepresentation of the ‘Other’ in Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre Abstract This study aims at examining the representation of the’ other’ as portrayed in Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre (1847). It attempts to inspect how the ‘Other’ is viewed in Nineteenth century England and the cultural ideology behind such specific representation. It poses crucial questions as to why the ‘Other’ is always represented negatively in main-stream western narrative as in the case of Bertha Mason who is portrayed asRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem My Mother Breed By Anita Desai1701 Words   |  7 PagesPatriarchal contaminations of societies submerge the unifying realm of female emancipation; masculine sovereignty suffocates the woman’s voice in the silence of the sacred seas. Secular literature documents the exclusion of the female gender in a cultural mosaic that recognizes the alliance between water and women. Post-colonial fiction, including Salman Rushdie’s Midnight’s Children, Anita Desai’s Clear Light of D ay, and Jamaica Kincaid’s The Autobiography of My Mother breed a current of drowningRead More Globalisation - Australia and Asia Essay2566 Words   |  11 Pagesrelations between communities as a result of globalization, and the understanding and recognition of other cultures through the interpretation of cultural borders. In this essay I will analyse to what extent globalisation is affecting identity formation, and also the roles of cultural borders in today’s world. I will assess whether through globalisation of the media we are in fact overcoming cultural borders and traditional stereotypes and in turn forging a mutual respect between foreign communities,Read MoreThe Multiculturalism Of The United States1036 Words   |  5 Pagesis whether multiculturalism in England provided a way to transcend the trauma of colonialism or whether it kept it very much alive. Although multiculturalism can be a positive element in cosmopolitan societies, joining together different races and cultures, it can also perpetuate the inherent racism of western societies. While England was becoming a more inclusive society, it was still a racist society. As England gradually withdrew its imperial tentacles, a sort of colonization in reverse occurred

U.S. Prison System and Its Populations Whites vs. Minorities

Course Project Outline Scenario #4 U.S. Prison System and its Populations: Whites vs. Minorities Kent Johnson SOCS350 Professor: Dr. J. Johnson June 7, 2010 Table of Contents General Statistics 3 Men vs. Women 4 Statistics: The Who and the Why 6 Black Judges vs. White Judges and Their Decisions 8 What is being done to reverse this Trend 10 References 11 Statistics In the prison system today, there has been an explosion of minorities being incarcerated for offenses that may not have gotten jail time if they had not been of a certain race. Although the overall numbers of incarcerations may have dropped just slightly for the first time in over 35 years, the amount of inmates†¦show more content†¦Many states have now revisited their policies on sentencing and release. That in turn has brought about some sweeping changes in how prisons content with parole and good behavior releases. Many states like Texas have gone as far as even increasing the grant rates for parole while shortening the terms of many of those that are given probation. These types of moves are one contributing factor in Texas being one state that has been able to reduce its overall prison populations for the past three years. Here is a map of states and the percentage increase/decrease of their perspective prison populations. Percentage Change in State Prison Populations , 2008 - 2009 | State | | | % CHG. | | | | | | | | | Alabama | | | 3.5 | | | Alaska | | | 3.8 | | | Arizona | | | 2.4 | | | Arkansas | | | 3.1 | | | California | | -2.5 | | | Colorado | | | -2.1 | | | Connecticut | | -4.6 | | | Delaware | | | -4.2 | | | Florida | | | 1.5 | | | Georgia | | | 1.6 | | | Hawaii | | | -1.1 | | | Idaho | | | 1.5 | | | Illinois | | | -0.7 | | | Indiana | | | 5.3 | | | Iowa | | | -3.2 | | | Kansas | | | 1.2 | | | Kentucky | | | -1.3 | | | Louisiana | | | 3.6 | | | Maine | | | 1.4 | | | Maryland | | | -5.6 | | | Massachusetts | | -2.2 | | |Show MoreRelatedInfluential Factors on a Juveniles Life1510 Words   |  6 Pagesstudents were minorities. Exposure to classmates who are poor has been rising for both Black and Hispanic students as well. While the average White student attends a school where poor students account for a quarter to a third of enrollment, the typical Black or Hispanic student attends a school where nearly two-thirds of their peers are low-income (Coley Baker, 2013) Race and the Law Maker Law Enforcement The incongruent treatment of minorities in the American criminal justice system begins at theRead MoreRacial Disparities in the American Criminal Justice System: Essay1858 Words   |  8 Pagesthe American Criminal Justice System: Rates of Incarceration of Blacks vs. Whites No Equal Justice in the American Criminal Justice System Shawn Y. Williams Troy University-Fort Benning CJ 5571 Probation, Pardon, Parole Instructor’s: Dr. Ronald Craig April 28, 2007 Abstract Racial inequality is growing. Our criminal laws, while facially neutral, are enforced in a manner that is massively and pervasively biased. My research will examine the U.S. criminal justice policies andRead MoreA Brief Note On The American Criminal Justice System Essay2916 Words   |  12 PagesRunning head: CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM 1 CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM 14 Racism in the American Criminal Justice System Mia Hayat Antioch University Abstract This paper discusses the social justice issue of discrimination in the American criminal justice system. It reveals the history behind the integrated racism in the system and its effect on people of color. The key organization, Black Lives Matters, addresses the issue and is critically analyzed. A new solution thatRead MoreMinority Identity1672 Words   |  7 Pagestheir group, the more likely they are to take interest in candidates and policies that further the advancement of their group. Minority status is not just based on a numerical scale of how many people, whether it be whites, blacks, Latinos, Asians etc. are accounted for, but is classified more by the benefits and privileges offered to different groups. Historically, minority groups have been exploited by majority groups for economic gain. For example, the enslavement of African-Americans and the takingRead MoreRacial Discrimination Within The Criminal Justice System1271 Words   |  6 Pagesfederal law that prohibits racial discrimination of the U.S. Constitution and the Civil Rights Act of 1964 work in concert to ensure that each resident’s chances in the pursuit of happiness are not damaged by their race. Although it is prohibited I believe that it is still an issue especially within the criminal justice system. I will support my answer with an ample amount of facts regarding racial discrimination within the criminal justice system. In Los Angeles in 1991 Rodney King was driving underRead MoreHow Criminal Justice System Works And How It Has Problems Essay2095 Words   |  9 Pagesbook, I was not aware of how criminal justice system works or how does it has problems. This book presents the how criminal justice works and how it has problems, in any kind of criminal just system from law enforcement to jury system, Especially against minorities. The introduction of book starts with how she starts to write this book. When she started her job at ACLU, she realized that our criminal justice system has racial bias against minorities. Most importantly, she realized that incarcerationRead MoreThe Federal Government Must Decriminalize Marijuana Essay2419 Words   |  10 Pages19th amendment to the U.S. constitution, known as prohibition, that marijuana became a widely used substance in the U.S.. A large part of the original fear and misrepresentation of marijuana was due to ethnic and racial concerns, especially in the southeastern United States. Immigrant populations moving from Mexico into the U.S. and some other groups such as Jamaicans and other West Indian transplants from the slave trade were introducing the weed into the population of the U.S. as a recreationalRead More Racial Discrimination and Disparity in the United States Justice System2733 Words   |  11 Pagescriminal justice system has been a longstanding debate in this county. According to Tonry (as cited in Cole Gertz, 2013) African Americans make up to 50% of the prison population but are only 12 % of the total United States population. Bobo and Thompson (2006) stated that Hispanics make up to 18 % of the prison population but are only 14 % of the total United States Population, while Caucasians make up to 75 % of the total population and are only 35 % of the prison population in American. (CokerRead More Black, Stop And Frisk, Racially Motivated Shootings1918 Words   |  8 Pagesprofiling in the U.S. remains a harsh reality that has resulted in an excessive share of minorities being questioned by law enforcement, a disproportionate arrest rate, and unequal treatment of African Americans. Under the guise of managing the war on drugs, law enforcement officials regularly pull drivers over solely due to skin color, which has led to an excessive share of minorities being questioned by law enforcement. At its foundation, these excessive stops of minorities are based on theRead MoreJohn Steinbeck s Positional Investments Of Whiteness 2263 Words   |  10 Pagesmedian financial wealth of white, African American, and Latino households. The typical African American family has six cents in wealth, for every dollar in wealth that the typical white house hold has, overall the possessive investment as Liptiz describes as a measure to matian a possession of social power aka there invested interested in maintaining power over minorities and have taken action to protect that investment. Most of the time society thinks in terms of white vs black people, but in reality

4p’s of Euro Disneyland Free Essays

1. What factors contributed to EuroDisney’s poor performance during its first year of operations? Even though Disney has a theme song that says â€Å"It’s a small world after all†, the world remains quite diverse. The biggest factors that contributed to the poor performance during the first year of EuroDisney’s operations were: a poor understanding of the marketplace, the issues and the cultural differences between two nations and two differing approaches to business and life. We will write a custom essay sample on 4p’s of Euro Disneyland or any similar topic only for you Order Now The major factor was ethnocentrism of the American leaders counterbalanced by French national insecurities. I have to suggest that the powerful and perhaps arrogant leadership style of Michael Eisner contributed to the problems. Even so, the problems were wider than that. Assuming that people would come from all over Europe as part of the business plan but failing to comprehend how diverse those consumers would be was another major part of the problem. Even though Europe has recently united as the European Union, they have been strongly distinct and independent cultures for centuries. Disney failed to understand the French national character, their insecurities over cultural invasion after having been an occupied nation twice in the last century and their deep commitment to maintaining their identity and liberty. The arrogance of the French is based on insecurity as a global minority and the arrogance of the Americans was based on a wide open optimism and global success. The collision of the two ‘arrogancies’ was â€Å"formidable† as the French say. 2. To what degree do you consider that these factors were a) foreseeable, b) controllable by either EuroDisney or the parent company Disney? A study in history and an understanding of the characters of Europe and the European market place would have enabled the Disney executives to anticipate many of the problems. Some problems were controllable and others were inevitable. Those that were inevitable, however, needed an approach that would soften the reaction rather than exacerbate it. It was inevitable that the choice of France as the location would ruffle French feathers. Their history of occupation shaped their reaction. Their coolness to all things anglophile is legendary. If we simply consider an individual personality, it would be easily understandable that a proud woman who had been enslaved and brutalized might have some lingering issues with dominant behaviour and may especially have trouble looking into the eyes of her rescuers who had seen her at her worst. Even so, they chose France perhaps for its cache in the American psyche (more ethnocentricity). The dominance of the American executive insisting on only English being spoken was like pouring gas on the situation in a culture that monitors words which are absorbed from other languages by an official government body. The idea of pushing business according to an American ethos was an affront to the French who take their liberty and unionization very seriously. Coming from the union free Southern United States, the clash was profound. These were all quite predicable for anyone who cared to see beyond their own ways. 3. What role does ethnocentrism play in the story of EuroDisney’s launch? The truth is embodied in this seemingly ambiguous statement â€Å"you don’t know what you do not know†. The trap is that when you do not understand or know something there is no little red light that says â€Å"you don’t get it†. In fact, there is no perception at all that there is something missing. Ethnocentricity carries us deeply into this trap and Disney fell head long into it. They certainly had the resources to get marketing opinion from European sources that would have saved them millions in mistakes. I think though, that the powerful personality of Eisner, coming off of several victories where he forced his vision through the objections of the American business community to win big and be therefore validated set the entire EuroDisney enterprise up for failure. Eisner and his trusted team believed that any opposition or obstacle had to be overcome with strength of will and vision and that collaboration would not serve the vision well. Add to this the spectacular success of Disney in Tokyo and all of his personal input verified his approach. Unfortunately, it takes three points to make a pattern and he had only 2. Consultation was the only way to avoid the nightmares encountered in France. The culture was so different from America or Japan that there was little frame of reference in common. Believing all Europeans enjoyed the same sausage or Europeans vacationed in the same way that Americans did was easily corrected by cultural awareness that would not have cost much but they were too ethnocentric to even know the questions to ask. I imagine they had no ears for those who tried to tell them. Sausage might just be sausage to Eisner who probably did not eat it but to Europeans, it is as distinct as different wines. Attempting to impose American values, such as nondrinking on the French or appearance rules would have been easily understood as a mistake if they had even asked. I also know from a course in Children’s literature that the Disney version of fairytales like Cinderella were almost unrecognizable to those who had grown up on the European (original) versions of the stories. Thus, Disney did not even have the transfer of cultural understanding in the tales that they assumed that they had. 4. How do you assess the cross-cultural marketing skills of Disney? I imagine that they are significantly better now but they were dismally unequal to the task at the time. They simply did not do their homework. In a nation of couturier fashion and elegance, to emphasize size and glamour was ‘tres gauche†. Bigger and better is a selling feature of the American psyche not of the French. They eat one croissant not a dozen donuts. They buy one designer handbag rather than 6 knock offs. The assumption of a common bond over fairytales was erroneous. The belief that the society functioned like the American society was just wrong because the French are highly unionized, and quite highly socialized in a political sense. Liberty and independence are even more ingrained among the French than the Americans. They believe they invented the concepts and the Americans high jacked them for their constitution. 5. Why did success in Tokyo predispose Disney management to be too optimistic in their expectations of success in France? Discuss In Japan Disney found an insatiable curiosity about American ways and American forms of play because of the rebuilding of Japan by the Americans who dropped the bombs on Hiroshima- their conquerors. Japan had been broken by and then rebuilt upon an American capitalistic model. (Please do not read criticism into this. I am not sure Truman had any choice given the personality and military spirit of Japan). The Japanese had been inundated with American cultural icons since world war two and Disney cartoons were a staple in Japanese experience. The success of Disney was more the success of the Japanese people at adapting to a new world after defeat than a triumph of marketing and cultural understanding. Unfortunately, the success without much cooperation, deeper understanding or adaptation led to the false belief in the Disney magic touch world wide. How to cite 4p’s of Euro Disneyland, Essay examples

Business Communication Strategies and Services

Question: Discuss about the Business Communication for Strategies and Services. Answer: Introduction: As the cyberspace and the world of internet and online has been developing, so have the chances for trades to market to clients electronically have grown. Among the most famous kinds of cyber marketing strategies some of which have been defined as (Lake, 2016): Affiliate marketing: It includes trades paying money to other people or organizations to encourage their goods and services on their website. This usually includes placing a poster advertisement on other website, with those hosts being paid founded on the number of clients who click on the advertisement and makes procurement (Jones, 2012). The act of selling a good of somebody else, or having somebody else selling an individuals good for them. This was the internet equal of having a specially made sales job. The individual who sells the good may use one or all of the tools on this list in order to sell an associate good. Inbound Marketing: It includes online content like social media and podcasts for attracting new clients. As opposite to outbound marketing, like purchasing advertisements and sending out emails, this strategy rotates around trades making their own content that expectantly draws customers in. Once those people get in, trades could initiate tailoring their message as per the need of clients (Shjarback, 2014). Pay-Per-Click Advertising: Also termed as search engine marketing, this strategy was included when trade place advertisements on search engine sites like Google and Yahoo. The advertisements were frequently positioned in special top or side panels that divided out for paid advertisements. A number of search engines propose trades the chance to bid on the advertisement space on their pages. The business that was eager to pay the most each time an Internet consumer clicks on the advertisement gets the mark (Brooks, 2013). Social Media Marketing: It rotates around promoting a trade by way of a number of social media outlets such as Facebook, Instagram, and many more. This includes making dedicated pages for the trade on each website and making content that draws in groups that could ultimately be rehabilitated to paying clients (Brown, 2013). While one true united meaning of Social Media marketing subsists, many have held the utilization of social platforms to endorse their brand. If an individual was to define the starting procedure of social media marketing then he would look at a number of social media channels in a very same manners as a traditional media buyer. Advantages and disadvantages of cyber space instead of traditional marketing strategies All trades must put into practice marketing plans to create a center of attention of clients, make a reputation and stay spirited in the marketplace. Marketing utensils series from conventional ways, such as turn out, ad and broadcast publicity, to high-tech chances such as web-based, interactive and email marketing plans. Advantages of using cyber space instead of traditional methods of marketing: Cyber marketing was simple to be traced. A Software email advertising agendas could compute the number of individuals who see a note and with the matter of electronic dealings and also traces the number of advertisements that lead to purchases. Like the orders placed must be traced by writing down the order number or name (Business knowledge Source, 2017). Traditional advertising on the other hand was trickier to track as unless a dealer conducts focus groups and reviews to measure which advertising means of transportations generate the most leads. Like the advertisement procedure was done by word of mouth so it could not be traced easily (Duggan, 2017). Immediacy: Cyber marketing was immediate in nature as while an individual could still put time and thought into the substance and design procedure, advertising campaigns could be put into practice at the click of a mouse. Like ads on websites popouts (Toegel and Barsoux, 2016). While on the other hand the traditional method of marketing includes produce and transmit marketing tools need time to go from idea to complete goods and release. Drafts must be finished, mock-up or evaluation of demonstration ads and then publicity time slots and post resolute. Even when the message was in position, broadcast matter do not arrive at the full proposed spectators all at one time, and mail marketing substance which take time to turn up at their place. Like printing of ads in newspaper and magazines (Higuera, 2017). But at the same time there has been some lacunaes in the marketing of cyberspace against the traditional methods of marketing which have been there from past so many years. The disadvantages may be defined as: Knowledge of trade Cyberspace methods were subject to customers having access to an online way of communication and being internet savvy. But with traditional method any individual with a newspaper or magazine could learn a trade or services provided by an organization (McQuerry, 2017). Funds: In Cyberspace marketing, clients go online to fund ones trade or service and in demographics the cyberspace marketing never was without technology at their fingertips, such as youngsters and adults who may be simpler to be in reach by way of mobile cyber marketing operations. In traditional marketing an individual bring ones trade or service to potential clients with print ads and other traditional methods. For instance, Television and radio were traditional opportunities which still were used in a wide manner. Broadcast marketing reaches up to a large number of people within a short span of time. Television ads also bring legitimacy and practicality to a good as individuals could see how the good works. Also, the Traditional marketing may be more effectual in attainment of target individuals that dont use electronic means on a daily basis or act their trade by way of online. For instance, a senior person who favors to get her news by way of the day to day newspaper would be simpler to arrive at via print advertisements, while a kid who observes afternoon cartoons would be simpler to reach through tv advertisements. Cross Cultural Communication and Interpersonal miscommunication The meaning of the word cross-cultural communication have been described as the ability of an individual to effectively shape, promote, and perk up associations with employees of a culture which was diverse from one's own culture (Asia Expart Guide, 2013). It was founded on the facts of a number of factors, such as the values of other culture, insights, ways, social structure, and decision-making practices, and an perceptive of how employees of the group converse--orally, non-orally, in person, in writing, and in a number of trade and social ways, to name but a few (Le Baron, 2003). For example, an Indian person of hindu community taking to a African individual who speaks French. Intercultural miscommunication has been defined as a situation when there was a breakdown in communication among two speakers of two diverse cultures and languages due to educational dissimilarities and/or sociolinguistic transmit (Global Business Leader, 2013). Similarly, the repeated circumstances of misinterpretations in intercultural communication may be more ordinary then one may consider. The probabilities for misunderstandings among two different cultures communicating were very high (Ng, 2013). Through such things as expressions, translation mistakes, and incorrect body language outgoing skills could be inaccurate. When these intercultural mistakes takes place among the individuals talking or moving it may be professed by the contradictory culture as humorous, impolite or perplexing. Intercultural miscommunication includes a lengthy procedure of determining how the other person converse and make use of the language. There have been a number of situations and ways in which such intercultural communication could be overcome or improved such as: Breaking Assumptions: All the societies have different manner of doing work in relation to their culture and tradition. So, it has been examined in such situations that, though people should not make an assumption that the manner in which they converse was universally applicable to all societies in which they communicate. Like, in a society it may be a manner of showing contentment and leisure while in other society it may be a manner of showing disgrace or reproving a wicked act. So, individuals should break all probable assumptions regarding the utilization of signs and symbols too that differ from society to society. The adult generation has assumed modern manners of conversing through the utilization of technology like book and internet while the old people make use of print media and face to face contact. Involvement of Other people: An individual must always guarantee that the people from other cultural areas were incorporated in everyday communication in order to study and comprehend the cultures of one another. So, by this it could be appraised that working together with one another inculcates rapport with people of other cultures raises simplicity and proximity with them. So, it could be stated that involvement of other people assists the understanding of using or some words and signs. Also, it aids an individual to comprehend how diverse messages were construed by diverse societies. Empathizing with others: It states that a person should put him or herself into the place of the person from other cultures and makes an attempt to think and converse in their manner. An individual would institute very rapidly how main matter terms in conversing and how such terms were used without causing misunderstanding or communication crash. So, it has been stated that people must understand from their- point of view which was the simplest manner in which a person was able to study how such a society converses. With the facts of the culture in mind of an individual, the individual now creates a evaluation among the two cultures and simply identify what were the major factors that make the divergence in message and how they were conquer. It was only after one was put into other persons shoes that they feel where it touches and fits. Avoidance of Head Mentality In this case, it has been mentioned that though cultures could never be similar but individuals should always endeavor to guarantee that all cultures were treated with fairness which they earn. Effectual intercultural communication would be attained only when the people treat others cultures as identical and not to feel greater to other person. Like, an individual looks down on other cultures; it would be completely unfeasible for the people to comprehend their conversation since the individuals derides the weaker culture. But while coming to a concerned consideration would remain impracticable no matter how hard the person makes an effort. Such a situation makes a fantasy of pre-eminence and this makes the individual lose interest in knowing other cultures that further restricts the probability of enlarging intercultural relations. Conversation, both oral and written was a basic tool that makes it probable for individuals to carry out their daily acts. In the absence of effective communication develops misunderstanding. Individuals must value different backgrounds and accept that they would never be similar. Differences in cultural backgrounds must never be used to create barriers in communication, but instead be used to enhance it. Conclusion So, at the end it could be concluded that the above mentioned answers have briefly described that there have been a number of strategies which have been followed in marketing cyberspace. And the lacunas which exist in the interpersonal miscommunication may be overcome by having cross cultural conversation with other people in a peaceful manner. References Asia Expart Guide. (2013) Cross-cultural Communication: the Singapore Way. [Online] Asia Expart Guide. Available from: https://asiaexpatguides.com/cross-cultural-communication-singapore-way/ [Accessed on 13/1/17] Brooks, C. (2013) Internet Marketing Strategies Services. [Online] business News Daily. Available from: https://www.businessnewsdaily.com/5201-internet-marketing.html [Accessed on 13/1/17] Brown, T. (2013) six ways of improving intercultural communication - simply woman. [Online] Simply Woman. Available from: https://www.simplywoman.com/ways-of-improving-intercultural-communication/ [Accessed on 13/1/17] Business knowledge Source. (2017) Cyberspace Marketing. [Online] Business knowledge Source. Available from: https://businessknowledgesource.com/marketing/cyberspace_marketing_030081.html [Accessed on 13/1/17] Duggan, T. (2017) Strategies for Dealing With Intercultural Communication. [Online] Small Business. Available from: https://smallbusiness.chron.com/strategies-dealing-intercultural-communication-11875.html [Accessed on 13/1/17] Global Business Leader. (2013) What IS the Culture in Intercultural Communication?. [Online] Global Business Leader. Available from: https://globalbizleader.com/what-is-the-culture-in-intercultural-communication/ [Accessed on 13/1/17] Higuera, V. (2017) Advantages Disadvantages of Traditional Marketing. [Online] Small Business. Available from: https://smallbusiness.chron.com/advantages-disadvantages-traditional-marketing-25573.html [Accessed on 13/1/17] Jones, B.(2012) Types of Internet Marketing.[Online] Design and Promote. Available from: https://www.designandpromote.com/types-of-internet-marketing/ [Accessed on 13/1/17] Lake, L.(2016) Top 10 Internet Marketing Strategies. [Online] The Balance. Available from: https://www.thebalance.com/top-10-internet-marketing-strategies-2295375 [Accessed on 13/1/17] Le Baron, M. (2003) Cross-Cultural Communication. [Online] Beyond Intractability. Available from: https://www.beyondintractability.org/essay/cross-cultural-communication [Accessed on 13/1/17] McQuerry, L.(2017) Differences Between Traditional Marketing Vs. Cyber Marketing. [Online] Small Business. Available from: https://smallbusiness.chron.com/differences-between-traditional-marketing-vs-cyber-marketing-49715.html [Accessed on 13/1/17] Ng, N.J.W.(2013) Examining Singapores intercultural business communication using intercultural communication competency framework. School of Humanities and Social Sciences. Shjarback, J.(2014) What Are Different Types Of Internet Marketing Strategies.[Online] Business 2 Community. Available from: https://www.business2community.com/online-marketing/different-types-internet-marketing-strategies-0745176#G15ZZWOPuqvFrkbc.97 [Accessed on 13/1/17] Toegel, G. and Barsoux, J.L. (2016) 3 Situations where Cross-Cultural Communication Breaks Down.[Online] Harvard Business Review. Available from: https://hbr.org/2016/06/3-situations-where-cross-cultural-communication-breaks-down [Accessed on 13/1/17]